what is osi model | what are seven layer of OSI model | function of OSI model.

what is OSI model | what are seven layer of OSI model | function of OSI model.

OSI Reference Model


INTRODUCTION

  • Stands for open system interconnection.
  • It has 7 layers.
  • Each layer having specific functionality to perform.
  • All layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe.

 

         

              

All 7 layers of OSI model explain briefly:

Physical layer

  • To move data in the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium.
  • Responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (Node) to next hop.
  • Both data can be either analog or digital.
  • Transmission media of data which can be wired or wireless.

 

Data link layer

  • It is responsible for moving frames from one hop to the next.
  • Responsible for error free transfer of data frames.
  • Controls the flow of data.

Network layer

  • The network layer works for the transmission of data from one host to the other located in different networks.
  • It also takes care of packet routing i.e. selection of the shortest path to transmit the packet, from the number of routes available.
  • The sender & receiver’s IP addresses are placed in the header by the network layer.


Transport layer

  • The Transport layer is a Layer 4 ensures that messages are transmitted in the order in which they are sent and there is no duplication of data.
  • The main responsibility of the transport layer is to transfer the data completely.
  • It receives the data from the upper layer and converts them into smaller units known as segments.
  • This layer can be termed as an end-to-end layer as it provides a point-to-point connection.


Session Layer

  • This layer is responsible for the establishment of connection, maintenance of sessions, authentication, and also ensures security.
  • Allows the communication between processes which can be either half or full duplex.


Presentation Layer

  • Presentation layer is responsible for converting data into standard format.
  • Examples : jpeg, mpeg, mp3, etc.
  • Following tasks are perform :
    • Encoding – Decoding
    • Encryption – Decryption
    • Compression – Decompression

 

Application Layer

  • Application layer is responsible for providing networking services to the user.
  • Also known as desktop layer.
  • Also makes a request to its bottom layer, which is presentation layer for receiving various types of information from it.
  • Provides protocols that allow software to send and receiven information and present meaningful data to users.

 

 

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