What is ARP protocol ,types of ARP protocol , Packet format of ARP Protocol ?

ARP Protocol

What is ARP protocol ?

  • Stands for Address Resolution Protocol.
  • It is second layer protocol.
  • ARP protocol finds MAC address of a host from its known IP Address.
  •  ARP request is a broadcast, but ARP request is unicast.
  • The ARP concept used only in IPv4 envoronment.
 

 What are types of ARP protocol ?

  • Proxy ARP ( PARP ) 
    •  A technique by which a proxy device on a given network answer the ARP quaries for an IP addresss tha tis not on that network.
  • Reverse ARP ( RARP ) 
    • It is a network layer protocol used to obtain an IP address for a given MAC address.  
  • Gratuitious ARP ( GARP )  
    • The GARP is sent as a broadcast, as a way for a node to announce or update its IP to MAC mapping to the entire network. It is used to detect IP conflicts.

Packet format of ARP Protocol
  1. Hardware type - It is a 16-bit field defining the type of the network on which ARP is running.
  2. Protocol type - A 16-bit field defining the protocol. ARP can be used with any higher-level protocol.
  3. Hardware length - An 8-bit field defining the length of the physical address in bytes.
  4. Protocol length -  A 16-bit field defining the length of the logical address in bytes.
  5. Operation -  A 16-bit field defining the type of packet, are defined namely ARP request (1) and ARP reply (2).
  6. Sender Hardware Address - A variable-length field defining the physical address of the sender.
  7. Sender Protocol Address - A variable-length field defining the logical address of the sender.
  8. Target Hardware Address - A variable-length field defining the physical address of the target.For an ARP request message, this field is all OS because the sender doesnot know the physical address of target.
  9. Target Protocol Address - A variable-length field defining the logical address of the target.

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